Artists community grows in Mark Twain's hometown

This June 7, 2012, photo shows artist Steve Ayers in his shop in Hannibal, Mo. When Ayers opened his pottery shop in 1985 he was about the only artist in the riverfront town known mostly for its favorite son, Mark Twain. Twain still is the main draw for the half-million tourists who visit Hannibal each year, but now they get a bonus: A growing number of artists, many of national and international repute. (AP Photo/The Courier-Post, Mary Lou Montgomery)

This June 7, 2012, photo shows artist Steve Ayers in his shop in Hannibal, Mo. When Ayers opened his pottery shop in 1985 he was about the only artist in the riverfront town known mostly for its favorite son, Mark Twain. Twain still is the main draw for the half-million tourists who visit Hannibal each year, but now they get a bonus: A growing number of artists, many of national and international repute. (AP Photo/The Courier-Post, Mary Lou Montgomery)

This June 7, 2012, photo shows items woven by artist Nancy Lee Kaufman in her shop in Hannibal, Mo. Kaufman moved from Santa Fe., N.M. to Hannibal after hearing other artists talk about living in the riverfront town known mostly for its favorite son, Mark Twain. (AP Photo/The Courier-Post, Mary Lou Montgomery)

This June 7, 2012, photo shows artist Nancy Lee Kaufman, in her shop in Hannibal, Mo. Kaufman moved from Santa Fe., N.M. to Hannibal after hearing other artists talk about living in the riverfront town known mostly for its favorite son, Mark Twain. (AP Photo/The Courier-Post, Mary Lou Montgomery)

This June 7, 2012, photo shows pottery for sale in Steve Ayers' shop in Hannibal, Mo. When Ayers opened his pottery shop in 1985 he was about the only artist in the riverfront town known mostly for its favorite son, Mark Twain. Twain still is the main draw for the half-million tourists who visit Hannibal each year, but now they get a bonus: A growing number of artists, many of national and international repute. (AP Photo/The Courier-Post, Mary Lou Montgomery)

HANNIBAL, Mo. (AP) ? Nancy Lee Kaufman was prominent in the arts scene in chic Santa Fe, N.M., and later made her woven art along the ocean near San Diego. So how did she end up living in a previously condemned house near the railroad tracks in small-town Missouri? The short answer: By choice.

Other artists began telling Kaufman about the burgeoning arts community in Hannibal, a Mississippi River town of 18,000 known mostly for favorite son Mark Twain. When she visited in 2005 she happened upon a once-gorgeous old downtown home overlooking the Mississippi River, an early 19th century building in such disrepair that demolition was weeks away.

The inside was a mess of crumbling boards and piled up debris. But, oh, that view from the window.

"I looked out and there were icebergs floating down the river, the sun shining off of them, eagles flying overhead," Kaufman, 64, said. "That was it."

Twain still is the main attraction for the half-million tourists who visit Hannibal each year, but now they get a bonus: A growing number of artists, many of national and international repute.

"The downtown storefronts are filling up with artists," said Gail Bryant, director of the Hannibal Convention and Visitors Bureau. "That's certainly part of the draw."

During the past decade dozens of artists ranging from painters to potters, weavers to photographers have come to Hannibal, attracted to the breathtaking river scenery, the charming ? if often dilapidated ? old homes, a welcoming community and a ready-made base of visitors. It also helps that Hannibal, smack-dab in the middle of the nation, is within a day's drive of countless art shows and fairs crucial for making ends meet.

It hasn't always been this way. When Steve Ayers opened his pottery shop in 1985 he was about the only artist in town. Admittedly "lonesome," he began reaching out to others.

Then, about 10 years ago, Hannibal and two other northeast Missouri towns ? Louisiana and Clarksville ? worked together to form what they called a 50-mile corridor of arts, even getting banks to commit to low-interest loans to help attract artists and craftsmen.

The project is no longer active, but the influx began. Some say the artists are creating a new vibe in the 177-year-old community.

"It's amazing how alive this little street really is," Ayers said as he glanced out along Main Street, where a young bearded man strummed a guitar on a recent warm day. At another corner, people sat in sidewalk chairs solving the world's problems.

"There's very much a growing bohemian feel," Ayers said.

Joachim Knill, originally from Switzerland, was living out of his van when he heard about Hannibal and moved to town about a decade ago. Knill sculpts, paints and makes three-dimensional art using Polaroid photographs and has won first place or best of show awards at dozens of shows, including the Detroit Festival of the Arts, Uptown Art Fair in Minneapolis, Utah Art Festival in Salt Lake City, and the Plaza Art Fair in Kansas City, Mo. He purchased a large downtown house and even bought the old city jail, with plans to make it into a studio.

Painter Melissa Dominiak and her then-husband, photographer Michael Cole, were living in Seattle when they decided to move to Hannibal six years ago to be closer to art shows and because of its affordability. She finds inspiration in the century-old brick church they bought and rehabbed for a fraction of the cost of a similar fixer-upper in most parts of the country.

"Actually, less than a fraction," Dominiak said.

Kaufman grew up in St. Louis. She developed a passion for weaving decades ago after buying an old loom at an auction. She eventually relocated to Santa Fe and became a prominent artist there, rubbing shoulders with the likes of Georgia O'Keefe. Her family relocated to southern California, and her reputation grew.

She began hearing from other artists about Hannibal but was skeptical. Her only previous visit was to the Twain sites as a 6-year-old. Still, she decided to give it a look.

"The thought of a quaint little shop in a little town intrigued me," Kaufman said.

She bought a historic Main Street building for her shop, then heard about the house along the river, one of the oldest in town, and showing its age. When she went to City Hall to finish paperwork on the purchase she was told the city had been ready to take bids for demolition.

Ayers said artists have invested $3.5 million in real estate purchases during the past decade, including many purchases that saved historic buildings, based on real estate records he has examined.

They're also giving Hannibal a strong reputation in the arts community, earning national recognition for their work. The Cherry Creek Arts Festival in Denver July 6-8, considered one of the best in the U.S., received applications from 2,100 artists. Only 236 exhibitors were chosen. Seven of them were from Hannibal, including Knill, Dominiak and Cole.

Many of the artists also will be among the 60 or so who display their work Saturday and Sunday in the first-ever Hannibal Downtown Art Fair, on Main Street.

Associated Press

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Spin structure reveals key to new forms of digital storage, study shows

ScienceDaily (June 7, 2012) ? A synthetic compound long known to exhibit interesting transition properties may hold the key to new, non-magnetic forms of information storage, say researchers at the RIKEN SPring-8 Center and their collaborators. The team's latest findings shed light on the complex relationship between a compound's electron spin arrangement and its transport properties, an area researchers have long struggled to understand.

The metal-insulator transition (MIT) is a phenomenon in which certain (electricity-conducting) metals make a sudden transition to become a (non-conducting) insulator when cooled below a given temperature. Unlike pure insulators such as silicon and germanium, and pure conductors such as gold and silver, metals with MITs are by their nature unstable and difficult to characterize. This instability is also their strength: complex materials with MITs such as semiconductors form the building blocks for much of our modern technology.

Elucidating the physical basis for MIT, one of the oldest and least well-understood phenomena in condensed matter physics, would shed light on the electron transport properties of a wide range of potentially useful materials. Among these materials, the compound Cd₂Os₂O₇, first discovered more than 30 years ago, has recently attracted renewed attention. Cd₂Os₂O₇ has the intriguing property that when cooled to 227K (-46 ?C), it undergoes both a metal-insulator transition and a magnetic transition to a state in which all its electron spins are aligned. This spin alignment, which makes the material magnetic, is useful for a wide array of applications, notably information storage.

Previous efforts to elucidate this magnetic structure, however, have been complicated by another property of Cd₂Os₂O₇: its propensity to absorb neutrons, which interferes with standard neutron scattering techniques used to analyze magnetism. To get around this problem, the researchers employed an alternative technique known as resonant x-ray scattering (RXS) using synchrotron radiation from the RIKEN SPring-8 facility, the world's most powerful synchrotron light source. Their results show that at 227K, Cd₂Os₂O₇ structures itself into a tetrahedral network of osmium atoms with electron spins in each tetrahedron pointing in one of two directions: all inward, or all outward. The structure of this unusual "all-in-all-out" arrangement is such that the spins cancel each other out, so that the material as a whole is not magnetic.

Cd₂Os₂O₇ thus has all the makings of a new kind of information storage medium, one whose binary bits of information ("all-in" and "all-out" spin arrangements) would, unlike present-day computer memory, be largely unaffected by surrounding magnetic fields. The results also provide fundamental insights into how electron spin can influence a material's transport properties, with broad applications in condensed matter physics.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by RIKEN, via AlphaGalileo.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. J. Yamaura, K. Ohgushi, H. Ohsumi, T. Hasegawa, I. Yamauchi, K. Sugimoto, S. Takeshita, A. Tokuda, M. Takata, M. Udagawa, M. Takigawa, H. Harima, T. Arima, and Z. Hiroi. Tetrahedral Magnetic Order and the Metal-Insulator Transition in the Pyrochlore Lattice of Cd₂Os₂O₇. Physical Review Letters, 2012

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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First photos ever of jaguars in Colombian oil palm plantation taken with Panthera's camera traps

Public release date: 6-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Susie Weller
sweller@panthera.org
646-786-0417
Panthera

New York, NY Panthera's camera traps recently produced the first photographic evidence of wild jaguars with cubs in an oil palm plantation in Colombia, including photos of two male jaguars and a female jaguar with cubs, and a video of a jaguar male.

Placed in the Magdalena River valley, these camera traps were set to gather new data about the impact of Colombia's ever-increasing oil palm plantations on jaguars. Panthera's scientists are working to understand the implications of these habitat changes on jaguars and their ability to travel and reproduce, as well as the impacts palm plantations have on their prey species.

In Latin America and Asia, oil palm plantations result in the clearing of expansive tracts of forest on which thousands of animal and plant species depend. Data have shown that in Indonesia, tigers avoid plantations, which serve as major barriers restricting their movement, and gene flow. In Latin America, Panthera's scientists are investigating whether oil palm plantations have similar effects on jaguars.

Rare photos of a female jaguar and her cubs taken with Panthera's camera traps confirm that, at least in some cases, jaguars are willing to move through oil palm. Importantly, the photos come from a small plantation adjacent to a protected area with some indigenous habitat present - perhaps the best case scenario for fostering jaguar use of palm oil tracts.

Panthera's Northern South America Jaguar Program Director, Dr. Esteban Payan, explained, "Typically, jaguars can move across human-dominated landscapes by travelling through riparian forests or using road underpasses, but until now, scientists had no photographic proof that jaguars entered oil palm developments in this region."

Payan added, "Given the extensive amount of jaguar habitat overtaken by oil palm plantations in Colombia, we hope that certain plantations can be part of the Jaguar Corridor, enabling jaguars to reach areas with little or no human disturbances."

Panthera's Jaguar Corridor Initiative seeks to connect and protect jaguar populations from Argentina to Mexico within human-dominated landscapes, such as oil palm plantations, to preserve the species' genetic diversity. Cupped between Panama to the north and a handful of South American countries, Colombia holds the key to the jaguar's passage from Central America to South America.

See a map of Colombia, its jaguar populations and jaguar corridors.

Panthera's Jaguar Program Executive Director, Dr. Howard Quigley, stated, "Human development in the shape of large monocultures, like oil palm plantations, are drastically changing the face of the planet, creating refugees out of wild cats by breaking up their habitats and forcing them to live within smaller, often degraded, and more isolated pockets of land. Data collected through Panthera's Jaguar Corridor Initiative are critical for oil palm growers, national policy makers and local governments in their decision making so they can account for the needs of jaguars across their range and minimize impacts on wildlife."

Panthera promotes sustainable oil palm practices, asking farmers to adhere to the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil Recommendations to help curb the negative impacts of extensive agriculture development on biodiversity and enable initiatives like the Jaguar Corridor to become a reality.

Quigley added, "Our data suggest that plantations can be part of a landscape mosaic that jaguars will use. But careful planning that avoids large-scale replacement of forest with huge palm oil areas will be essential if we want to avoid the kind of isolation that tigers now suffer."

###

About the Jaguar Corridor Initiative

Panthera's Jaguar Corridor Initiative seeks to link core jaguar populations across the jaguar's range within human landscapes, from Mexico to Argentina, to preserve the species' genetic diversity. Through multilateral partnerships, government support, and local buy-in, Panthera is the driving force behind this initiative. Saving jaguars range-wide is a winning strategy for conserving vast landscapes and ecosystem functions, and preserving human health and livelihoods. Visit the Jaguar Corridor Initiative.

About Panthera

Panthera, founded in 2006, is the world's leading organization devoted exclusively to the conservation of wild cats and their ecosystems. Utilizing the expertise of the world's premier cat biologists, Panthera develops and implements global conservation strategies for the largest, most imperiled cats tigers, lions, jaguars, and snow leopards. Representing the most comprehensive effort of its kind, Panthera works in partnership with local and international NGOs, scientific institutions, local communities and governments around the globe. Visit Panthera.

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 6-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Susie Weller
sweller@panthera.org
646-786-0417
Panthera

New York, NY Panthera's camera traps recently produced the first photographic evidence of wild jaguars with cubs in an oil palm plantation in Colombia, including photos of two male jaguars and a female jaguar with cubs, and a video of a jaguar male.

Placed in the Magdalena River valley, these camera traps were set to gather new data about the impact of Colombia's ever-increasing oil palm plantations on jaguars. Panthera's scientists are working to understand the implications of these habitat changes on jaguars and their ability to travel and reproduce, as well as the impacts palm plantations have on their prey species.

In Latin America and Asia, oil palm plantations result in the clearing of expansive tracts of forest on which thousands of animal and plant species depend. Data have shown that in Indonesia, tigers avoid plantations, which serve as major barriers restricting their movement, and gene flow. In Latin America, Panthera's scientists are investigating whether oil palm plantations have similar effects on jaguars.

Rare photos of a female jaguar and her cubs taken with Panthera's camera traps confirm that, at least in some cases, jaguars are willing to move through oil palm. Importantly, the photos come from a small plantation adjacent to a protected area with some indigenous habitat present - perhaps the best case scenario for fostering jaguar use of palm oil tracts.

Panthera's Northern South America Jaguar Program Director, Dr. Esteban Payan, explained, "Typically, jaguars can move across human-dominated landscapes by travelling through riparian forests or using road underpasses, but until now, scientists had no photographic proof that jaguars entered oil palm developments in this region."

Payan added, "Given the extensive amount of jaguar habitat overtaken by oil palm plantations in Colombia, we hope that certain plantations can be part of the Jaguar Corridor, enabling jaguars to reach areas with little or no human disturbances."

Panthera's Jaguar Corridor Initiative seeks to connect and protect jaguar populations from Argentina to Mexico within human-dominated landscapes, such as oil palm plantations, to preserve the species' genetic diversity. Cupped between Panama to the north and a handful of South American countries, Colombia holds the key to the jaguar's passage from Central America to South America.

See a map of Colombia, its jaguar populations and jaguar corridors.

Panthera's Jaguar Program Executive Director, Dr. Howard Quigley, stated, "Human development in the shape of large monocultures, like oil palm plantations, are drastically changing the face of the planet, creating refugees out of wild cats by breaking up their habitats and forcing them to live within smaller, often degraded, and more isolated pockets of land. Data collected through Panthera's Jaguar Corridor Initiative are critical for oil palm growers, national policy makers and local governments in their decision making so they can account for the needs of jaguars across their range and minimize impacts on wildlife."

Panthera promotes sustainable oil palm practices, asking farmers to adhere to the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil Recommendations to help curb the negative impacts of extensive agriculture development on biodiversity and enable initiatives like the Jaguar Corridor to become a reality.

Quigley added, "Our data suggest that plantations can be part of a landscape mosaic that jaguars will use. But careful planning that avoids large-scale replacement of forest with huge palm oil areas will be essential if we want to avoid the kind of isolation that tigers now suffer."

###

About the Jaguar Corridor Initiative

Panthera's Jaguar Corridor Initiative seeks to link core jaguar populations across the jaguar's range within human landscapes, from Mexico to Argentina, to preserve the species' genetic diversity. Through multilateral partnerships, government support, and local buy-in, Panthera is the driving force behind this initiative. Saving jaguars range-wide is a winning strategy for conserving vast landscapes and ecosystem functions, and preserving human health and livelihoods. Visit the Jaguar Corridor Initiative.

About Panthera

Panthera, founded in 2006, is the world's leading organization devoted exclusively to the conservation of wild cats and their ecosystems. Utilizing the expertise of the world's premier cat biologists, Panthera develops and implements global conservation strategies for the largest, most imperiled cats tigers, lions, jaguars, and snow leopards. Representing the most comprehensive effort of its kind, Panthera works in partnership with local and international NGOs, scientific institutions, local communities and governments around the globe. Visit Panthera.

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

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Study predicts imminent irreversible planetary collapse

Public release date: 6-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Carol Thorbes
cthorbes@sfu.ca
778-782-3035
Simon Fraser University

Using scientific theories, toy ecosystem modeling and paleontological evidence as a crystal ball, 18 scientists, including one from Simon Fraser University, predict we're on a much worse collision course with Mother Nature than currently thought.

In Approaching a state-shift in Earth's biosphere, a paper just published in Nature, the authors, whose expertise span a multitude of disciplines, suggest our planet's ecosystems are careening towards an imminent, irreversible collapse.

Earth's accelerating loss of biodiversity, its climates' increasingly extreme fluctuations, its ecosystems' growing connectedness and its radically changing total energy budget are precursors to reaching a planetary state threshold or tipping point.

Once that happens, which the authors predict could be reached this century, the planet's ecosystems, as we know them, could irreversibly collapse in the proverbial blink of an eye.

"The last tipping point in Earth's history occurred about 12,000 years ago when the planet went from being in the age of glaciers, which previously lasted 100,000 years, to being in its current interglacial state. Once that tipping point was reached, the most extreme biological changes leading to our current state occurred within only 1,000 years. That's like going from a baby to an adult state in less than a year," explains Arne Mooers. "Importantly, the planet is changing even faster now."

The SFU professor of biodiversity is one of this paper's authors. He stresses, "The odds are very high that the next global state change will be extremely disruptive to our civilizations. Remember, we went from being hunter-gathers to being moon-walkers during one of the most stable and benign periods in all of Earth's history.

"Once a threshold-induced planetary state shift occurs, there's no going back. So, if a system switches to a new state because you've added lots of energy, even if you take out the new energy, it won't revert back to the old system. The planet doesn't have any memory of the old state."

These projections contradict the popularly held belief that the extent to which human-induced pressures, such as climate change, are destroying our planet is still debatable, and any collapse would be both gradual and centuries away.

This study concludes we better not exceed the 50 per cent mark of wholesale transformation of Earth's surface or we won't be able to delay, never mind avert, a planetary collapse.

We've already reached the 43 per cent mark through our conversion of landscapes into agricultural and urban areas, making Earth increasingly susceptible to an environmental epidemic.

"In a nutshell, humans have not done anything really important to stave off the worst because the social structures for doing something just aren't there," says Mooers. "My colleagues who study climate-induced changes through the earth's history are more than pretty worried. In fact, some are terrified."

###

Backgrounder: Study predicts imminent irreversible planetary collapse

Coming from Chile, Canada, Finland, the United Kingdom, Spain and the United States, the authors of this paper initially met at the University of California Berkeley in 2010 to hold a trans-disciplinary brainstorming session.

They reviewed scores of theoretical and conceptual bodies of work in various biological disciplines in search of new ways to cope with the historically unprecedented changes now occurring on Earth.

In the process they discovered that:

Human-generated pressures, known as global-scale forcing mechanisms, are modifying Earth's atmosphere, oceans and climate so rapidly that they are likely forcing ecosystems and biodiversity to reach a critical threshold of existence in our lifetime.

"Global-scale forcing mechanisms today "include unprecedented rates and magnitudes of human population growth with attendant resource consumption, habitat transformation and fragmentation, energy production and consumption, and climate change," says the study.

Human activity drives today's global-scale forcing mechanisms more than ever before. As a result, the rate of climate change we are seeing now exceeds the rate that occurred during the extreme planetary state change that tipped Earth from being in a glacial to an interglacial state 12,000 years ago. You have to go back to the end of the cataclysmic falling star, which ended the age of dinosaurs, to find a previous precedent.

The exponentially increasing extinction of Earth's current species, dominance of previously rare life forms and occurrence of extreme climate fluctuations parallel critical transitions that coincided with the last major planetary transition.

When these sorts of perturbations are mirrored in toy ecosystem models, they tip these systems quickly and irreversibly.

The authors recommend governments undertake five actions immediately if we are to have any hope of delaying or minimizing a planetary-state-shift. Arne Mooers, an SFU biodiversity professor and a co-author of this study, summarizes them as follows.

"Society globally has to collectively decide that we need to drastically lower our population very quickly. More of us need to move to optimal areas at higher density and let parts of the planet recover. Folks like us have to be forced to be materially poorer, at least in the short term. We also need to invest a lot more in creating technologies to produce and distribute food without eating up more land and wild species. It's a very tall order."

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 6-Jun-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Carol Thorbes
cthorbes@sfu.ca
778-782-3035
Simon Fraser University

Using scientific theories, toy ecosystem modeling and paleontological evidence as a crystal ball, 18 scientists, including one from Simon Fraser University, predict we're on a much worse collision course with Mother Nature than currently thought.

In Approaching a state-shift in Earth's biosphere, a paper just published in Nature, the authors, whose expertise span a multitude of disciplines, suggest our planet's ecosystems are careening towards an imminent, irreversible collapse.

Earth's accelerating loss of biodiversity, its climates' increasingly extreme fluctuations, its ecosystems' growing connectedness and its radically changing total energy budget are precursors to reaching a planetary state threshold or tipping point.

Once that happens, which the authors predict could be reached this century, the planet's ecosystems, as we know them, could irreversibly collapse in the proverbial blink of an eye.

"The last tipping point in Earth's history occurred about 12,000 years ago when the planet went from being in the age of glaciers, which previously lasted 100,000 years, to being in its current interglacial state. Once that tipping point was reached, the most extreme biological changes leading to our current state occurred within only 1,000 years. That's like going from a baby to an adult state in less than a year," explains Arne Mooers. "Importantly, the planet is changing even faster now."

The SFU professor of biodiversity is one of this paper's authors. He stresses, "The odds are very high that the next global state change will be extremely disruptive to our civilizations. Remember, we went from being hunter-gathers to being moon-walkers during one of the most stable and benign periods in all of Earth's history.

"Once a threshold-induced planetary state shift occurs, there's no going back. So, if a system switches to a new state because you've added lots of energy, even if you take out the new energy, it won't revert back to the old system. The planet doesn't have any memory of the old state."

These projections contradict the popularly held belief that the extent to which human-induced pressures, such as climate change, are destroying our planet is still debatable, and any collapse would be both gradual and centuries away.

This study concludes we better not exceed the 50 per cent mark of wholesale transformation of Earth's surface or we won't be able to delay, never mind avert, a planetary collapse.

We've already reached the 43 per cent mark through our conversion of landscapes into agricultural and urban areas, making Earth increasingly susceptible to an environmental epidemic.

"In a nutshell, humans have not done anything really important to stave off the worst because the social structures for doing something just aren't there," says Mooers. "My colleagues who study climate-induced changes through the earth's history are more than pretty worried. In fact, some are terrified."

###

Backgrounder: Study predicts imminent irreversible planetary collapse

Coming from Chile, Canada, Finland, the United Kingdom, Spain and the United States, the authors of this paper initially met at the University of California Berkeley in 2010 to hold a trans-disciplinary brainstorming session.

They reviewed scores of theoretical and conceptual bodies of work in various biological disciplines in search of new ways to cope with the historically unprecedented changes now occurring on Earth.

In the process they discovered that:

Human-generated pressures, known as global-scale forcing mechanisms, are modifying Earth's atmosphere, oceans and climate so rapidly that they are likely forcing ecosystems and biodiversity to reach a critical threshold of existence in our lifetime.

"Global-scale forcing mechanisms today "include unprecedented rates and magnitudes of human population growth with attendant resource consumption, habitat transformation and fragmentation, energy production and consumption, and climate change," says the study.

Human activity drives today's global-scale forcing mechanisms more than ever before. As a result, the rate of climate change we are seeing now exceeds the rate that occurred during the extreme planetary state change that tipped Earth from being in a glacial to an interglacial state 12,000 years ago. You have to go back to the end of the cataclysmic falling star, which ended the age of dinosaurs, to find a previous precedent.

The exponentially increasing extinction of Earth's current species, dominance of previously rare life forms and occurrence of extreme climate fluctuations parallel critical transitions that coincided with the last major planetary transition.

When these sorts of perturbations are mirrored in toy ecosystem models, they tip these systems quickly and irreversibly.

The authors recommend governments undertake five actions immediately if we are to have any hope of delaying or minimizing a planetary-state-shift. Arne Mooers, an SFU biodiversity professor and a co-author of this study, summarizes them as follows.

"Society globally has to collectively decide that we need to drastically lower our population very quickly. More of us need to move to optimal areas at higher density and let parts of the planet recover. Folks like us have to be forced to be materially poorer, at least in the short term. We also need to invest a lot more in creating technologies to produce and distribute food without eating up more land and wild species. It's a very tall order."

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

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Does smoking weed cause acne - Health and Fitness

Yes that is all you need to do to get your adult acne cured, it smoking is also the best way to get rid of acne because it has no side effects. Salicylic Acid Side Effects on Acne Salicylic acid would never be best the miracle acne treatment you had been looking for. When an environmental force does smoking weed cause acne causes a disease, it is naturally the underlying cause or the responsible cause of the imbalance causing the disease or illness. The condition may appear on a young woman who has never previously been characterized by acne symptoms. Another way to get rid acne of toxins naturally is best acne treatments 2010 to exercise. treatments Although there is no conclusive evidence of linkage between diet and acne ? we are all different. Adult acne is characterized by persistence of the condition as well as the character of acne itself. Once complete with the warm water cleaning use cool water to seal your skin pores. To avoid acne scars, do not prick or pinch your pimples and acne. Add it to a bowl of water. It works in reducing pore size thereby preventing secretion of excess oil. And lastly, acne fulminates, very rare, progressing to ulcers. At times, emotions described as depression by subjects were more consistent with cause frustration and acne anger than with clinical depression. 5. 12. Make a paste of roasted & powdered pomegranate skin, with fresh lime juice. The internal juice of the plant is very much beneficial. Intake of 2- 3 seeds of raw garlic daily purifies blood and prevents acne. Stay away from cigarettes. These kinds of changes in the laser acne treatment, depending on each individual? s progress. Don? t expect instantaneous miracles though; does smoking weed cause acne these steps can work but it will take time. Unfortunately, this approach does not typically work does as well as simply drinking green tea due to the fact that the nutrients are much more easily absorbed as a liquid rather than a pill. Myth: Eating certain foods like chocolate and fried foods can cause acne. Among these products acne sufferers prefer Acnezine. Next pustules make their ugly appearance. You can try these tips rather than opting for medicines. Proactive is also not out of the ordinary. Katie Rodan. Best Natural Acne Treatment ExplainedBest Natural Acne Treatment Explained As 2010 soon as that you are searching for the most powerful acne therapy, you may have tried dozens of goods and situated that completely nothing works for far a lot more than a couple of days. Although there are people who swear by this type of treatment, you might hold back because of the price. Finally, the one thing your mom was right about is picking your zits. If your favorite weed product doesn? t contain tea tree oil, you may be able to add some yourself.

Related Post Does smoking weed cause acne

Wash your face and let your pores open. The development of acne, it was believed, went something like this. Do not use lotions, oils The latter takes off an entire level of skin sells, while laser treatment is intended to remove specific unsightly scar tissue. This pores blockage to It has been a long- debated topic between dermatologists and cosmetologists. But the scars left behind can just keep them away from getting One common acne recommendation is to only wash the affected area twice every day. Visit our website to find reviews and useful tips on Listed here are some natural instead of so normal acne treatments which are proven being productive. To be able to come up with efficient

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Baby acne on chest - Health and Fitness

Foods that are loaded in sugar and oils can septra result in breakouts. Most importantly you are wanting to help minimize the possible scarring that could result. Acne is a common problem especially with teenagers and women in their 40s and above. Apricot Juice: the juice of apricots contains a natural acid that can penetrate the cysts caused by acne and eliminate the bacteria that can on lead to inflammation and scars. Some of the needed supplies and materials can even be found at home and are relatively cheap. It also has antibacterial properties along with the acne ability to moisturize your skin baby once applied. What most people do not know is that they can also be helpful in treating acne. lowering the number of free radicals, therefore decreasing molecular damage and maintaining healthy skin cells. Also, wear sunscreen acne every time you go out. They show up mainly on regions of the body exactly where you will find lots of ? oily? glands, i. e. 3. Avoid over- washing your face. Here? s how to add salt to your chest acne prevention arsenal. There isn? t any direct relationship involving tension and getting acne breakouts from the worries brought on by everyday life and all sorts of additional nerve- racking routines you could consider. Do septra acne treatment not store for long, as it may aggravate sensitive skin. If the scar is not really serious, you can do ? light ? peeling with tretinoin in your own home. Glycolix Gly Sal 10- 2 Pads: 10% baby acne on chest pure glycolic acid, paired with 2% salicylic acid to treat blemishes, purify skin and help prevent future blemishes. Doctor and patient to determine their expectations before treatment is started in order to avoid misunderstandings, the treatment program was completed. Let it dry naturally for 15- 20 minutes. Fenugreek: Create a paste of the leaves of fenugreek and apply it on face each night for 10to15 minutes. Resource: Dermatologist Jan Hornets Acne Treatments ? Site Acne 101 It is the bane of a person? s existence. The great news is that we? ve got some alternatives that are offered for everyone because they are cheap and can bring in great results. Eating a lot of unhealthy food can aggravate your skin condition and will lead to acne breakouts. Relaxing both physically and mentally can keep your away from stress which will lead to acne breakouts. underground ulcers may imagine underneath these nodules and may track subservient the gall to ten on ripening screen others. It will lead to reddening since the skin surface is being polished away, going down a couple levels to newer skin cells. An unattended treatment of acne with contraceptives can lead to several side effects. baby acne on chest One of the basic steps that you can do at home is to keep your skin clean. You can even try drinking raw vegetable juice to eliminate toxins in treatment the body. Another product to consider is Peter Thomas Roth Instant Mineral SPF 30 . It is important to note that if you will use chamomile in treating your acne problems, it is best to opt for the one with the highest concentration.

Related Post Baby acne on chest

These also make enough bulk, so for avoiding constipation and excreting undesirable body wastes that may have an effect on your skin. The best There are many ways to prevent it, too, of course. Use them evening primrose oil acne with extra treatment as they could dry the 6. If you search around, you will notice that there are essentially lots of points that you can use from property to deal with One common acne recommendation is to only wash the affected area twice every day. Visit our website to find reviews and useful tips on There are a prescribed number of ways through which acne can be prevented but for overnight acne treatment here are a handful of home

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The Clearwater Personal Injury Lawyer I Hired, Got Me A Nice ...

One day nearly a year ago, I went in to work just like every other day, however unlike other days, I left work injured and needing to call a Clearwater personal injury lawyer. My job as a health inspector requires me to a lot of different facilities in the area to do surprise inspections to make sure that all of the factories are have health violations and that the safety standards are being kept. Well, as it turns out, they weren?t as I walked in and slipped on some soapy water and bashed my head against some shelving, knocking myself unconscious.

When I woke up, I was rushed to the hospital with a possible concussion, which turned out to be a real concussion. Along with the concussion, I had really hurt my back, which the doctor told me was a cracked vertebrae, and I also had a lot of other bumps and bruises which I knew were going to be torturing me for a long time to come.

Since there had not been a sign posted that the floor was wet, I had had no way of preparing myself or watching my step, so the people who managed this particular warehouse were clearly in the wrong. One thing that I knew was that I would not be able to return to work for quite a while, so I decided that I needed to get a Clearwater personal injury lawyer.

I looked around to try and find a reputable lawyer, so after a bit of researching, I found a lawyer who looked wonderful, so I gave them a call from the hospital. They were very friendly and they even took the time to meet with me and give me a free consultation to look over my case and they told me that I had a solid case to get some compensation for my injuries and the time I would not be able to work.

I was completely impressed with my Clearwater personal injury attorney, as they handled my case really well and got me a very fair settlement that covered all of my medical bills and the lost wages from the period of recovery in which I would not be able to work. Because of this wonderful settlement, I didn?t have to spend all of my time stressing over how I was going to pay my hospital bills and just focus on getting better, which actually allowed me to get better and return to work in no time, which was a relief, but I just hoped that there would not be any more spills at work!

Find out the specialist person in civil trial law through Auto Accident and Injury Lawyer and by clicking Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Trial Attorneys.

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US warns of 'overlooked' food crisis in Yemen

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3Ddtuts: How to Create the Star of Africa Diamond Using Adobe Illustrator and Astute Graphics? plugins http://t.co/X2w1ciJl

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Why you should Start a Home based business.

Make use of everything available for you to save some money, particularly when you?re just simply commencing your organization. By working from home, you will save money through not necessarily needing to lease a place on your enterprise. Refrain from buying whatever you don?t will need. If you retain the finances and stay with it visitors you?re free to give lesser rates as compared to your competitors.

Applying for a loan could be a bad proposition. Is it wise to danger the attachment with someone who is in the area? You don?t need to wish to shed your property in the event an business financing loans a person income and you still cannot pay the idea.

In case you have an enterprise, listing that target in place of a R. O. Package. Through not necessarily utilizing a P. To. Container, an even more peaceful along with cozy experiencing arrive of your respective buyers. Clients will be more vulnerable to rely on your own company because they know that an individual may obtain their particular opinions when due to sent in your mailbox.

You can start the washing shipping and delivery program, daycare facility, tutoring program, or even a web site design talking to enterprise. Several chances exist inside your neighborhood, hence start out thinking.

Inform you in order to your family and friends in which while you are hard at your workplace, you should be permitted to handle company without outside the house distractions. Are there a buddy that will always is catagorized in on you at work or even a relative whom comes for a check out sixty minutes first? The best thing to do can be pleasantly explain to all of them that you are at the moment on the run along with you mustn?t possibly be troubled. When you have an urgent visitor while you?re performing, keep these things take a seat in the several room watching a small amount of tv as well as understand a journal, when you finish up what what you are doing.

Guarantee your home based business refuses to interfere with your family?s plan of attack. Anything that may possibly drastically interrupt loved ones life at home needs to be reconsidered. You desire the type of business a person run out of your home to suit efficiently in to the property.

You?ll want persistence. When you start off your home-based business, don?t anticipate it to consider off of straight away. It requires quite a bit of work to develop a business from scratch. Hence, as time passes along with function, you will be able to get the experience you need to help it to be prosperous. Concentrating on long term long term future earnings is actually the best way to work and build a fantastic company.

Usually build a specialized site to win over consumers. In case you site does not appear to be it truly is skilled professionals created it?s going to steer individuals aside. Employ professional web sites to give an example involving just what most likely aiming for.

Layout the firm?s website selling goods. For you to contend in today?s world you must have to be able to sell off your item on the internet, not only for with a physical location. Registering a site with a domain name seller is extremely relatively cheap.

Make sure you have sufficient help you might be owning a daycare from home, particularly when you have a lot of children. Standard difficult experience without assist for those who have plenty of children to manipulate along with foodstuff.

You must come to a decision as to how much you are likely to demand to your products. While producing your own goods, you will need to decide the expense. A regular food regarding selecting this kind of is to apply the actual creation prices of your respective item also to multiply that by simply 2. This would supply you with the value you should rate low cost customers. For the store cost, flourish the fee instances a few.

Make sure you get all write offs that you need to, such as the cost of enjoyable clientele, to avoid wasting just what funds it is possible to on the taxation. Events together with business affiliates are looked at as lawful company costs. Be sure that the particular clientele are going to continue to be clients, mainly because otherwise these outings aren?t taxes allowable.

Now that you have a better notion of what you should do to create along with control a house company, you need to start out experience as if you could complete your home based business targets. Bear in mind the information an individual mastered will perform once you rub it. In case you observe the suggestions in the following paragraphs, and then your home business need to win.

Source: office furniture Mumbai

Since this kind of actually stated, the author Dr. Henry Ghazalah is well known for their good function with scientific along with article creating and is known as one of the best author on the web.

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The Weekly Word from Winston (Powerlineblog)

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New US legislation aims to curb cancer drug shortages

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Maura Henninger, N.D.: A Holistic Approach to Health in Early ...

These days, we all know someone affected by addiction. If it's not something we ourselves grapple with, then it's a friend, sibling, or parent. If you're lucky enough to not be personally affected by the disease of addiction, you need look no further than the tabloids to witness the latest celebrity entering rehab. How many people who try to get sober stay that way? In their latest census, Alcoholics Anonymous reports a whopping 80 percent dropout rate in the first year. [1] This statistic is alarming in its illustration of how difficult it is to get and stay sober. The odds are stacked against an early recovering addict or alcoholic for a myriad of reasons that range from grappling with cravings, to picking up the pieces of broken relationships, to healing a broken body.

In early recovery, an addict/alcoholic will often begin attending 12-step meetings, therapy, and perhaps taking some pharmaceuticals to ease the physical and psychological burden of coming off drugs and alcohol. Natural medicine dovetails nicely with these interventions: proper nutrition, herbal medicine, homeopathy, amino acid therapy, mind-body approaches and exercise are all part of the programs that I prescribe to my patients in early recovery. My goal is always to decrease the probability of relapse and to get the addict/alcoholic on the road to healthy, fulfilling and functional life as soon as possible. In this first of a two-part series on natural approaches to early recovery from substance abuse, I discuss the first and foremost issues that most in the first days of sobriety struggle with: withdrawal and the accompanying insomnia.

Withdrawal

The severity of withdrawal can vary greatly depending on how long the person has been actively in addiction, how much he or she drinks, the extent of the physical and metabolic damage, and the individual's biochemistry. There is no real way to predict its course. If left untreated, withdrawal can progress through or stop at one of four stages.

Holistic medicine is most effective during the first stage, whereas higher levels of withdrawal require more conventional forms of intervention. Stage one starts two to six hours after the alcoholic's last drink. It's marked by mild agitation, anxiety, restlessness, tremors, loss of appetite, insomnia, racing heartbeat, and high blood pressure. [2] Neurotransmitters are the chemicals the body makes to allow nerve cells to pass messages (of pain, touch, and thought) from cell to cell. Amino acids are the precursors of these neurotransmitters. When addicts/alcoholics are low in particular amino acids from burning through them during their substance abuse, symptoms of withdrawal increase -- especially cravings for their substance of choice. The goal in this stage is to support the body as it begins to clear itself of alcohol and drugs and to decrease cravings as much as possible. [3]

In double-blind research, alcoholics treated with DLPA (D, L-phenylalanine) combined with L-tyrosine, L-glutamine, prescription L-tryptophan, plus a multivitamin, had reduced withdrawal symptoms and decreased stress. One study suggests that kudzu, used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat alcohol abuse, might help reduce cravings and the patients that I've treated with it respond with fewer cravings [4].

Homeopathy is also incredibly effective for supporting patients in the early stages of recovery. By its nature non-toxic, homeopathy stimulates a person's bodily systems to deal with stress and illness more efficiently. Research is currently being undertaken to understand how and why these remedies work on the mental and physical level. Specific homeopathic remedies may be helpful during the period of withdrawal from alcohol or drugs. Remedies are chosen on a highly-individualized basis. But there are a few main remedies that help the addict going through withdrawal, including Arsenicum album, Nux vomica and Lachesis.

At this stage of withdrawal, most alcoholics and addicts have some degree of adrenal burnout from chronically producing excess cortisol, which is the body's stress hormone. Alcohol, carbohydrate and stimulant cravings are the body's desperate calls for quick energy that result from adrenal fatigue. Therefore, supporting adrenal function is important both for long-term sobriety and to decrease feelings of withdrawal. For adrenal support, I recommend the herbs ashwagandha, rhodiola and ginseng as well as the amino acid tyrosine.

For the extreme fatigue of detoxification, I have patients take daily greens drinks, especially those containing chlorella, which contains high levels of chlorophyll that assists with oxygen uptake at the level of the red blood cells. It also contains magnesium that the body needs to produce energy and support the pathways of detoxification in the liver, especially important for the early recovering alcoholic. Lastly, electrolyte imbalance can occur in withdrawal. A lemon has about the same amount of potassium in a cup of standard sports drink, so I have patients squeeze the juice of a lemon with a teaspoon of salt, some Stevia and seltzer or water.

Insomnia

A full recovery will not happen without consistent and good quality sleep. Traditional Chinese Medicine tells us that the liver does most of its repair work between the hours of 1 a.m and 3 a.m. -- adrenal repair also occurs during this time. The digestive system, too, prepares the body to eliminate toxins during sleep. And proper brain function does not occur without ample sleep. A recent study showed that sleep deprivation results in anxiety and depression, which puts the recovering addict closer to relapse. [5]

For all of these reasons, I like to get my patients sleeping eight to nine hours a night. I recommend phosphatidyl serine for patients who have trouble falling asleep due to the elevated stress hormone cortisol. L-theanine, a calming amino acid found in green tea, increases dopamine, serotonin and the inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine. [6] Melatonin, the primary hormone of the pineal gland, regulates the circadian sleep/wake cycle. Alcoholics and addicts, in particular, have dysregulated sleep/wake patterns and often their bodies don't know the right time to sleep because their melatonin production is either inhibited or low. Short-term melatonin administration can correct that. Lastly, I often recommend herbal combinations such as valerian, lavender, passionflower, lemon balm and skullcap. The proper homeopathic can be extremely helpful for insomnia, as well.

For the alcoholic or addict who's just put down their drink or drug of choice, it seems like life is about to end. What they will eventually realize, if they stay sober, is that life is just beginning. In the second half of this two-part series, I'll talk about how diet and proper vitamin supplementation can increase the likelihood of getting and staying sober.

References

1). Comments On A.A. Triennial Surveys. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services. December 1990.

2). Family Practice Notebook. 2012. Family Practice Notebook, LLC. 6 May 2012. http://www.fpnotebook.com.

3). Blum K. A commentary on neurotransmitter restoration as a common mode of treatment for alcohol, cocaine and opiate abuse. Integr Psychiatr 1986;6:199-204.

4). Benlhabib, et al. "Kudzu root extract suppresses voluntary alcohol intake and alcohol withdrawal symptoms in P rats receiving free access to water and alcohol." J Med Food. 2004 Summer; 7 (2): 168-179.

5). Babson, et al. "A test of the effects of acute sleep deprivation on general and specific self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms." J of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. Vol 41, Issue 3; 297-303, Sept 2010.

6). Nathan, et al. "The neuropharmacology of L-theanine: a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent." J Herb Pharmacotherapy. 2006; 6(2): 21-30.

For more by Maura Henninger, N.D., click here.

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Clinton steps up pressure on Russia on Syria

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